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i!Tllii[[ MONTIS PflR 25 CENTS 



ON TRIAL. 




'"lie life Patron! 

FOU S MOOTHS. ' 

] Every Patron, and every fair minJpd 

farmer who would know what the Grange 

really is, should read the 

II flBST-CUSS PMmIFd PJiL! WM 



Pronounced by corapptent authority to be the 

ablest exponent of Granite Principles 

in the Country. 



PRICE ONLY $1.00 A YEAR.; 



') See fuller description on Pages 100 and 110, and ,i 
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Published by T. H. EDWARDS & CO., 



Gardener's Pocket Manual 



A SHORT, PRACTICAL 



TREATISE ON GARDENING. 



WALDO F. BROWN 
OXFORD, OHIO. 



SPRINGFIELD, OHIO : 

T. H. Edwards & Co., Publishers. 



1 



Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 

1878, bv T. H. Edwards & Co., m the 

Office of the Librarian ofCon- 

o-ress, at Washington, 



5^ 



^'b 



INTRODl CTION. 



I)oubtl(?ss there should be a reason for 
tlie writini^ of any l)ook, whether great or 
small. My reasons for writing this little 
work have been: First, that I felt that 
there was need for a cheap practical book 
on gardening, and second, that the ex- 
perience of twenty-five years as a gar- 
dener, and a sincere lo\ e foi' the calling, 
had enabled me to gain some valuable 
facts that would be of profit to the general 
reader. 

I am aware that there has existed a 
strong prejudice against books on farm- 
ing and gardening, but I believe that it is 
rapidly disappearing ; partly because of 
growing intelligence among farmers, and 
partly because more of the writers of 
modern books on these subjects have been 
practical men. From boyhood until forty 
years old I cultivated, in connection with 
a small farm, a market garden, and in that 



6 GAHDK nek's POCKKT MANUAL. 

prove his method of farming as he sees 
\vhat can be done on a small amount of 
land by heavy manuring and good cul- 
ture. The farmer having a large amount 
of land from which to select his garden 
spot, and a supply of manure with which 
to enrich it, ought to and may have the 
best of garden vegetables ; and from the 
latter part of May, when he begins on his 
early peas, lettuce, spinach and radishes, 
until the beginning of the next year, at 
least, the garden will contribute some- 
thing every day to his table, and from 
years of experience at the head of a family, 
I estimate that at least what would cost 
$ioo in market, can be grown on one- 
fourth of an acre. 

To show what a small garden may be 
made to contribute to the wants of a family, 
I append a letter written by my brother. 
I visited him in Indianapolis in the sum- 
mer of 1876, and was so much pleased 
with his garden that I asked him to write 
an account of it for publication: 

Indianapolis, Ind., Deceniher, 1876. 

My garden was but a small affair, of a little 
more than four rods square of ground. I got a 
prettv good spread of manure on it from a neigh- 
boring pig sty. but on spading it up found that I 
liad a heavv,"badly tramped and rather wet piece 
of ground. ' I accordingly threw it up in four beds 
with open drains between, giving it as I went 
along a thorough pulverizing. Excepting onions, 



GAUnKNKK > I'(KKl-:r MAMAI.. ^ 

I planted about all the \ ej^etables in an ordinary 
kitchen i^ardcn. I ijavc tifood culture, and no 
quarter to the weeds, for I liad no room for them. 
I found that I could hoe the ground all over by 
devoting my spare hours from the factorv for two 
davs. I planted some sixty hills of Early Rose 
potatoes, and we got fully forty mos^e^froin them. 
Lettuce, radishes, ])eets, peas, beans, tiniatoes and 
cucumbers in abundance; also a dozen good heads 
of cabbage. One hill of Hubbard stjuash that 
bore nine fme squashes. Not having room for the 
vines on the ground, I trained them like grape- 
vines on the fence, pinched off the laterals thor- 
oughly, and how like Jonah's gourd they grew, 
and were the wonder of the whole neighborhood. 
As soon as the squashes attained a little size, T 
gave the vine near the stem a strong loop of cloth 
as an extra support, and they did fir>>t-rate. I had 
but little trouble with the bugs, for the vines were 
as high as mv head, and I could see on the under 
side of the leaves so easily that I killed all the old 
ones atid had no young ones to contend with. I 
shall tiy this mode of running vines high and dry 
again. Tomatoes I treated the same way, and 
never had them ripen so well or decay so little, 
and how easily they were gathered from vines 
securely fastened to the fence as high as your 
head. 

Wife says we got more real good from our forty - 
four hills of Lima beans than any other vegetable 
in the garden, and I guess she is right, for we had 
all we could use green, and have a gallon or over 
of dry ones. T must not forget our three rows of 
sugar corn that gave us, as roasting ears, so many 
excellent dinners. My gardening was a success 
every way. It paid in every sense of the word. I 
got a great deal of pleasure out of it, a great deal 
of good eating out of it, and saved quite a little 
sum of money by it. Brother mechanic, try it if 
vour patch of ground is no larger than a bed-quilt, 
for it will pay. E. W . B. 



GARDENERS POCKET iMANUAL. 



CHAPTER II. 

SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF GAR- 
DEN SPOT. 

Conceding that a garden is as valuable 
to a family as the preceding chapter as- 
serts, it will pay to select the best spot on 
the farm for it, or if necessary, spend 
quite a sum of money in the preparation 
of a garden spot. 

The best soil for the garden is a sandy 
loam on a dry foundation. On many of 
our upland farms the'e are streaks of 
what we call "black ground." These 
black, loamy soils are warm, and give 
vegetables an early start, and it will pay 
to locate the garden on such soil, even if 
it must be at some little distance from the 
house. 

Where a soil of this character is select- 
ed. Fall plowing will be found of great 
benefit, as it will enable you to plant 
hardy vegetables a week or ten days 
earlier than you otherwise could. 

If you have not black loam, you must 
take such land as have and go to work to 



GARDENER S POCKET MANUAL. 9 

make it as nearly as possible what you 
wish it to be. It will be found a profitable 
investment to expend fifty or even one 
hundred dollars on a quarter-acre to put 
it in good condition, rather than to culti- 
vate land in the condition that a majority 
of our gardens are in. 

Our market gardeners near the great 
cities find it necessary to expend nearly or 
quite $300 per acre each year on their 
land, in order to cultivate it profitably. 

To have a profitable garden you must 
be as nearly as possible independent of 
the weather, so as to grow good crops 
whether it be wet or dry, and if your land 
is thoroughly underdrained, deeply work- 
ed, and well enriched, you will find your 
crops flourishing, when on soil without 
such preparation they would be a failure. 

If, in addition to the above, vou protect 
it on the west and north by a tight board 
fence or evergreen hedge, you have all 
the conditions necessary to success. If 
the garden is a heavy clay, coat it well 
with sand; if too sandy, haul on swamp 
muck, or clay, and so bring it to the condi- 
tion desired. It will take some labor and 
expense to do all this, but when once 
done it is permanent, and no one will ever 
ren^ret the cost. 



lO GARDENER S POCKET MAMUAL. 



CHAPTER III. 

MANURING. 

There is an idea prevalent among far- 
mers that there is clanger of getting the 
garden too rich. Such is not my experi- 
ence, nor that of any market gardener. 
My garden is located on a slope of black 
land, such as I have described, and has 
received a heavy coating of manure each 
year for the last fourteen years. I also 
learn from books and papers, and from 
personal observation among market gar- 
deners, that they use large quanties of 
manure every year. 

It will be particularly necessary for a 
new garden to be heavily manured, and I 
would recommend that it be done in the 
Fall or early Winter, applying it after the 
land is plowed, if level, or before if the 
garden is to be ridged. Use the best sta- 
ble manure you can get, and if there is 
any danger of foul seeds pile it up and let 
it heat, so as to destroy them. 

It is well, also, to prepare some special 
manure for using in the hill or drill, as it 



GARDENERS POCKET MANUAL. II 

will give the plants a good start. On 
nearly every farm valuable fertilizers are 
worse than wasted, which if saved and 
applied to the garden, would give a won- 
derful growth to the vegetables. 

Perhaps I cannot do better than to de- 
scribe my fertilizer factory. In the rear 
of my privy 1 laid some boards flat on the 
ground, and put aboard roof over them. 
On this floor I put a load of dry mellow 
earth and sods, and on this we empty all 
the chamber slops. Under the privy we 
placed a box two feet wide and four 
inches deep. Every few weeks we empty 
the contents of the box in our "fertilizer 
factory,'' thoroughly mixing it with the 
earth and using a little land plaster with 
it. Our hen manure is saved until Spring, 
when we also mix it in and shovel over 
the pile until it is thoroughly mixed and 
"fined." It this manure is properly man- 
aged, I believe it to be worth as much as 
Guano, and it will cost nothing but a little 
time. 

It can be handled as readily as meal, 
and if it is well worked and dry, there 
will be but little oflensivf^ odor about it. 

Whatever kind of manure is used, it 
should be thoroughly composted so as to 
make it fine and immediately available as 



12 GARDENERS POCKET MANUAL. 

plant food, and also to destroy the germ of 
any seed that may be in it. 

It is also a good plan to have a supply 
of liquid manure to use for vines after 
they are beginning to grow. 

To prepare this, set up a barrel like an 
ash leach, fill it w^ith the best manure you 
can get, if part of it is night soil or hen 
manure all the better; then pour over it 
the suds from the washing and save the 
liquid that leaches through. 

In applying this manure, make holes 
with a sharp stick a short distance from 
the roots and pour it in them, and after it 
has settled fill the holes and loosen the 
soil with a hoe. If it should be applied . 
to the surface in dry weather, it would 
cause the ground to bake. It may be ap- 
plied directly to the surface just before a 
rain, but should be diluted if very strong. 



GARDENER S POCKET MANUA; 



CHAPTER IV. 

SEEDS AND PLAN'IING. 

Having selected your garden spot and 
sufficiently enriched and pulverized it, the 
I next thing in order is to plant. x\s I pro- 
' pose in the chapters in which I describe 
I the different vegetables to tell w^ hen to 
I plant, and what distance apart, I will not 
I speak of that here, but will only give some 
(hints as to seeds and laving out the gar- 
(den. 

i The first requisite is good seed, and a 
" failure in this respect is most discouraging. 
|The gardener should make it a rule to 
jsave his own seed as far as possible, but 
Ijthis should never be done, as is too often 
[jthe case, from the poorest. 

Generally, in the family garden, the 
beans, peas, corn, etc., are picked as long 
as they are in an eatable condition, and 
the seed gathered from what is left. Such 
a course is sure to result in degeneration. 
|lf, on the contrary, a section or row from 
he very best be set apart for seed, or the 



14 GARDENER S POCKET MANUAL. 

earliest and best shaped tomato or melon 
be saved, no seed can be purchased that 
is better, and but little that is as good. 

If seeds are obtained from the grocery, 
thev should be those put up by our best 
seedsmen, who have a reputation to sus- 
tain, as not rarely old and worthless seeds 
are palmed oft' upon the merchant who 
sells on commission. 

The safest plan is to send your order 
to some reliable seedsman to be filled, by 
mail, and you will generally get what you 
order. 

There is an impression among many 
that seedsmen, as a class, are dishonest, 
and this impiession has been caused by 
the failure of seeds sold on commission, 
which seeds have often been bought as 
refuse by some dishonest party who never 
grew a seed in his life. 

I have visited many of die largest seed 
growers in ihe United States in Illinois, 
Michigan, New York and Massachusetts, 
and I have never seen so much system 
and care in any other business as is exer- 
cised in the growing and handling of gar- 
den and flower seeds. 

My advice is to send early to some re- 
liable seedsman for such seeds as you may 
need, and so long as the man you are 



GARDENER S POCKET MAXl'AL. I5 

dealing with furnishes you with seeds 
that suit you, give him your patronage. 

The old-fashioned way of laying oft' the 
garden in narrow beds with broad walks 
is a wasteful one. I adopted tiie rule, 
twenty years ago, of putting everything 
in straight rows, running the whole 
length of the garden. This saves space, 
and at the same time enables us to use a 
horse in all rows over twenty inches wide, 
and a hand cultivator in narrower rows. 
If the family is small, and an entire row is 
not needed of some varieties, two or three 
can be planted in a single row ; as, for in- 
stance, a row ten rods long could be 
planted in lettuce, spinach, and early 
beets . 

One thing more in connection with 
planting, and that is, that with man}- 
kinds of vegetables it should be frequent, 
so as to furnish a succession that is fresh 
ajid tender, and so soon as a vegetable has 
outlived its usefulness, it should give 
place to another. 

The garden that is manured liberallv 
should be croped constantly, and much of 
it should be made to grow two or three 
crops a year. 



i6 gardener's pocket manuai.. 



CHAPTER V. 

CULTIVATION 7\ND MANAGEMENT 



•Si 



The cultivation of a garden should be 
most thorough, and with the garden spot 
well drained and manured, so that it will 
not set.le down and become hard and 
compact, I find it of great advantage t© 
plow late in the Fall. My practice is to 
spread the manure, and then plow as 
deeply as possible, in lands from eight to 
ten furrows wide. We then clean out the 
dead furrows, and pile the soil on the 
center of the land. This leaves the gar- 
den in such shape that the surplus water 
runs off freely and the frost also penetrates 
deeply, rendering the soil mellow and 
easily worked. 

A garden managed in this way can be 
worked much earlier in the Spring than 
one unplowed or plowed flat, and with 
early vegetables, such as peas, spinach, 
lettuce, radishes, etc., two weeks time can 
often be saved, and as we need and enjoy 
early vegetables the most, this is a matter 



GARDENERS POCKET MAMAJ.. 1/ 

of great importance. Cultivation should 
begin as soon as the plants can be seen in 
the row. The best time to kill a weed is 
before it comes through the soil and if 
the surface is stirred as soon as it can be 
woi-ked after each rain, myriads of weeds 
will be destroyed, and, in addition, the 
mellow surface will retain the moisture. 
A garden that is deeply plowed and un- 
derdrained will, if the surface is kept 
mellow, endure an amount of drouth that 
would utterly destroy the crops if neglect- 
ed. Not a weed should be allowed to go 
to seed, and if this is followed up persist- 
ently, the labor of caring for the garden 
will be much lightened in a few years. 

When I began in my garden, fourteen 
years ago, the weeds would come up with 
the early vegetables, so that I could 
scarcely find the rows; but for twelve 
years not a weed was allowed to go to 
seed, and although we had weeds, still 
our plants were never choked with them. 

In 1876, I put a part of the garden in 
onions for seed, and the year provino- a 
wet one, they grew so rank that we 
could not weed them without injuring 
the crop, and the weeds matured their 
seed, and this Summer we have had to 
renew the old fight on that part of the 



iS gardener's pocket manual, 

garden, and we appreciate the old adage, 
that " one years seeding makes seven 
years' weeding." 

Keep all the ground occupied. Let one 
crop follow another. As soon as the early 
peas, spinach, lettuce, etc., are past their 
usefulness, follow up with quick matur- 
ing crops, and rather than let the weeds 
take possession, plant the vacant spots in 
corn for the family cow, when it is too late 
for it to mature. 



GARDENER S POCKET MANUAL. I9 



CHAPTER VI. 

GARDEN IMPLEMENTS. 

While a garden may be cultivated with 
the tools ordinarily used on the farm, it 
will pay to have some extra and better 
ones, particularly if a large garden is to 
be cultivated. 

A garden hne is indispensable, and it 
will be found economy in getting it — as 
indeed may be said of every garden sup- 
ply—to get the best. A good, hand-twisted 
cotton line will, with care, last a great 
many years. 

Another implement which I have found 
of great use, and that is inexpensive, is a 




DRAG OR PULVERIZER 

Of which the cut is a good representation. 



20 (;akdener s pocket manual. 

Any farmer can make one in a short time 
with a saw and hatchet, and while it will 
not crush dry hard clods, I have never 
found its equal for smoothing- freshly 
plowed ground. It may be made of any 
size, but for the garden I prefer a small 
one, not more than four feet wide, and if 
it is not heavy enough I ride on it. By 
the use of this a garden can be put in 
such condition that a rake need not be 
used at all. A large drag similarly made, 
will, under certain conditions of soil, pre- 
pare either corn or wheat land for the 
crop better than an}- implement I ever 
used. It will make a smooth, mellow sur- 
face without packing it as a roller does. 
The side pieces of the small drag should 
be four inches square, and it may be 
made of inch boards, but hard lumber 
should be used for a heavy two or four- 
horse drag, heavier sides should be used, 
and two-inch boards. 

I am sure no farmer who once uses one 
of these implements will ever be williiig 
to do without one. 

I have used for several years a hand 
cultivator, and have found it of such ad- 
vantage that I can heartily recommend it. 
Every gardener knows the importance ol 
stirring the soil as soon as possible after a 



G.\ur)i:M:H > I'oeKF-:! mamal. 



2 I 



rain, l>i>tli ti) kill the weeds w Inch alwax >- 
start, aiul to pie\ ent the formation of a 
crust, and consecjuentlv rapid evaporation 
of moisture, and while I do not claim that 
any hand cultivator will supersede the 
hoe. it does enable a sinjj^le man to stir as 
much soil, ii: a i^iven time, as five or six 
men could do with hoes. 1 have ex- 
amined and tried man\ hand cultivators, 
and hnd 




Gives the best satisfaction. While the 
ordinary farm <^arden can be phinted Idv 
hand, there are doubtless some who will 
read this book whose garden operations 
are extensive enouj^^h so that they will 
need a drill for plantini^. There are many 
kinds now in use that can be adjusted to 
sow far more accurately than can be done 
by hand, every kind oC seed from beans 
to turnip, and after usino^ four different 
: varieties, I have given to 



22 GARDENER S POCKET MANUAL 




rue's garden seed drill 
the preference. Tt operates on the same 
principle as the common drill, and can be 
adjusted in a moment to suit ar,y kind of 
seed. 

All the tools to be used in the garden 
should be light and sharp, and kept free 
from rust. The work of the garden is 
much of it done in the evening, when 
wearied by a day's work, and if your tools 
are sharp and light it is quite a relief to 
the tired muscles. 

I have found a light spade made by 
cutting the sides from a long-handled 
gravel shovel an excellent implement for 
the garden, particularly in spading among 
small fruits, and in making flower beds. 



CHAPTER VII. 

MANAGEMENT OF HOT BEDS AND COLD 
FRAMES. 

I am aware that but tew farmers will 
be willincr to gfive the care necessary to 
the management of a hot-bed, and yet It 
is a necessity if we would get the most 
good from our garden, and w^ill be but 
little trouble, if located near the house and 
not started too early. 

Probably the first of i\pril is as early as 
it is best for the farmer to plant a hot bed, 
and a single sash three feet by six, or even 
smaller, will be ample to start all the 
vegetables and flow^ers needed. 

For making a hot-bed, the manure must 
be forked up a few davs beforehand, and 
must be hot at the time it is put in the 
bed. I prefer to make it on top of the 
ground, and then bank up rf und it to 
protect it from the cold. For an early 
bed, the manure should be from one foot 
! and a half to two feet deep. For sweet 
potatoes, or a bed made late in April, 



34 GARDENERS ROCKET MANUAL. 

it 

from ten to fourteen inches is snfHcientf . 

The manure must be shaken to pieces 
and evenly spread, and pressed down by 
treading- on small pieces of board, as if 
trodden with the feet some pieces would 
be trampled too much and others not 
enough. 

Late in the season make a simple frame 
of boards a foot wide, placed in a shelter- 
ed spot, and arranged with a slope to the 
south so that when covered with boards 
the water will run oft'. 

From the hot-bed, as the plants become 
crowded, transplant into this frame, anjj 
when heavy rains or cold nights occur, if 
can be covered with boards. In this 
frame plants can be hardened and pre- 
pared for the open ground, and early in 
May melons, cucumbers, Lima beans and 
such tender plants can be started in pots 
or on inverted squares of sod. Three- 
inch flower pots cost but -l^i.oo a hundred, 
and with care will last many years, and a 
single cucumber or melon vine will thrive 
in one of these pots until out of the way 
of the striped bug, and the tenderest 
plants can be transplanted from the pots 
without wilting. 

Where the pots can be had I would re- 
commend them, but sods are a very good 



CiAKDKNKR S POCKK'I' .MAMAL. 2t^ 

substitute. Find a smooth, lirm turf and 
cut the sod two inches thick; divide it in- 
to squares three inches each way, and 
place them gi-ass side down in m^mure in 
your frame and plant your seeds on them, 
and then cover with half an inch of fine 
earth, as the seeds germinate the roots, 
penetrate the sod, and at transplanting 
are not disturbed, and the decaying sod 
furnishes nourishment to the plants. 

Cabbage and tomato plants may be 
transplanted into these frames, and will 
become stocks and form new roots, so 
that the final transplanting to the open 
ground will check their growth but little. 

If you do not make a hot bed or a cold 
frame. I would advise tr3'ing the follow- 
ing plan: 

Make a box six by eight inches square, 
to be used as a mold, and round this box 
make }our hill, sloping a liltle to the 
south; pat it down with the spade on all 
sides of the box, and then carefully lift the 
box out and lay a pane of 8xio window 
glass over it. After the plants come up 
the glass must be removed in the middle 
of the day if the sun shines not, and as 
soon as the nights are warm they can be 
left ofi' entirely. 

This is the cheapest way to start a few 



gakdener's pocket manual. 36 

hills of earlv veg-etables both as regfards 
time and money. 

As sweet potatoes are grown on nearly 
every farm, the subject of sprouting them 
seems legitimate to this chapter. 

It is of great advantage for every onJj 
who wishes to set out more than two or" 
three hundred sweet potato plants, to 
raise their own plants ; by so doing they 
can always have them when wanted, and 
can take advantage of suitable weather, 
or can attend to setting them out late iiift| 
the evenings, a few at a time, and th^i 
plants are always fresh and vigorous. 
Even if the plants cost more than they 
would to buy them, the advantage above- 
mentioned would overbalance ; but the 
fact is, that with reasonable success, it 
will be found quite profitable to sprout not 
only for your own planting, but for the 
neighborhood. The writer has had 20 
years' experience in sorouting swtet pota- 
toeSj and has made many failures, but for 
several years has had almost unvarying 
success, and believes he can state so 
plainly " how to do it," that an}- one with 
a little care can succeed. The great dan- 
ger with the novice is, that he will burn 
the potatoes by getting the bed too hotil 
and if the bed is left uncovered in the^ 



GARDENER S POCKET MANUAL, 27 

middle of the day, the heat of the sun 
from above and that of the manure from 
below is almost sure to be too much for 
them. 

About five years ago we adopted the 
plan of covering- the bed as soon as made 
with straw and corn-stalks to a depth of 
a foot or more, and have found that b\ 
this means we^ could preserve a uniform 
temperature, and in addition the evapora- 
tion of moisture is checked, so that the 
bed will require no watering until the 
plants begin to come up. 

Our beds are made perfectly flat, by 
simply nailing together four boards, two 
16 feet long for the sides, and end boards 
6 feet long. A bed of this size is large 
enough to hold one barrel of medium- 
sized ]7otatoes. 

The manure should be thrown in a pile 
about ten days before the bed is made, 
and after it is well heated should, if very 
strong, be turned once and thoroughlv 
mixed, and when put in the bed (which 
should be from the loth to the 20th of 
April,) should all be hot; shake thorough- 
ly and pack solid, until you have 10 
inches in the bed. The packing should 
be done by having two pieces of board 4 
feet lonof and a foot or so wide; lav one in 



38 (/Ardener's pocket manual. 

the bed and get on it and jump up and 
down; then lay down the next one touch- 
ing it, and step on that ; then take up the 
first one and put in front, and so on, until 
you have gone all over the bed. Now 
put on four inches of good soil — not too 
light; cover the bed with fine straw a few 
inches deep, if wet all the better, and 
over the straw lay your corn-stalks, bound 
in bundles. They should be plenty 
enough and so arranged as to turn oft' 
water if a heavy rain falls. 

As soon as the bed is warm enough to 
feel comfortable to the hand, take oft'your 
covering and lay on the potatoes so that 
they will nearly touch each other and 
cover with about three inches of light 
wood dirt that will not bake; then replace 
your covering, and if you find the tem- 
perature right, it need not be uncovered 
again until the plants begin to come 
through. If the bed seems too cold, open 
in the middle of the day and let the sun 
shine on it till about two o'clock. 

The bed may be examined by running 
the hand into it without removing the 
cover. If not more than ten inches of 
manure is used, and it has been properly 
handled, there will be but little danger of 
the bed heating too much when covered. 



(;AKl>i:.\Eli S I'OCKET MAMAL. 2C) 

When you draw the plants, lay a strong 
board across the narrow way to sit on, so 
as to reach the middle ones without 
tramping the bed. After the plants be- 
gin to come up, take oft' the cover, and if 
the nights are warm leave it open, but if 
cold put on the bundles of corn-stalks, 
but the straw will not be needed. 

(jive plenty of water when the plants 
are coming up, but it will harden the 
plants to let them get somewhat dry when 
large enough to pull. Always water 
freely a short time before pulling the 
plants. 

If care is taken not to disturb the pota- 
to, a second drawing of plants may be 
had. 

I plant my main crop from May 30th to 
June loth, but they do well planted later, 
and I have raised a fair crop set the 4th of 
July. 

For the earliest sweet potatoes, trans- 
plant the first plants that sprout, and set 
them in a frame three inches apart each 
wav. 



30 GAKDENEU S POCKET MANUAL. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

VEGETABLES ; THEIR VARIETIES AND 
MANAGEMENT. 

I propose in this chapter to take up in 
alphabetical order the different garden 
vegetables, describing those varieties that 
have proved the best in my experience in 
gardening, and also give the methods of 
culture that I have found to succeed best. 

ASPARAGUS. 

It seems strange that this excellent 
vegetable should be found in so few 
gardens and that it is neglected in 
many gardens where it has been planted. 
It is propagated from seed and is best set 
out at one year old. Instead of putting it 
in some out of the wa}^ corner, I would 
recommend that a row or two be planted 
at one side of the garden. Prepare the 
ground by deep and thorough working 
and liberal manuring; stretch your line 
and make holes with the spade large 
enough so that you can spread the roots 
out, and deep enough set that the crown 
of the plant will be covered two inches. 
1 would recommend setting the rows 



GARDENERS POCKET MAXLTAL. 3I 

thiee feet apart, and the plants in the row 
nine inches. The bed should be planted 
in the vSpring, and the sooner after the 
land is in working order the better. Salt 
is a valuable manure for this plant, and 
may be applied at the rate of a bushel or 
more to the square rod." A liberal appli- 
tion of coarse manure in the Fall to pro- 
tect the bed will be valuable in causing it 
to start earlier than it otherwise would. 
As soon as the frost is out of the ground 
in the Spring, dig the surface over lightly 
a few inches deep, taking care not to in- 
jure the crowns of the plants. Cut for 
use when the shoots are from four to six 
inches high. Cut a little below the sur- 
face and be careful not to injure the young 
buds. The cutting should cease by the 
middle of June. 

BEANS BUSH. 

Perhaps no one vegetable is so ex- 
tensively used on the farmers' table 
as this. It can be grown on almost any 
soil, but the garden varieties will respond 
to liberal manure and culture as well as 
any other vegetable, and will be improved 
both in yield and quality. 

It is a tender vegetable, easily killed b\' 
frost, but we usually plant the Black Wax 
in April, as it is a hardy variety. They 



32 GARDENER S POCKET MANUAL. 

should be planted once in two weeks up 
to the first of August. We generally 
plant three in a hill, with the hills just far 
enough apart to cut between with a hoe. 
The rows should be i8 inches apart. 

Beans should never be worked when 
the vines are wet. 

The following varieties will be found 
excellent and sufficient: 

Early Valentine — Has round pods, ten- 
der, and of good flavor. If planted after 
the ground is warm it will be fit for use 
in five or six weeks. Salmon color, with 
pink spots ; a prolific bearer. 

Germa7i Wax — We have used this in 
the family almost exclusively for several 
years. It seems to possess all the virtues, 
being hardy and prolific, and also tender 
and of excellent flavor ; the pods are 
stringless and of a rich waxy yellow; 
seeds glossy black ; a little earlier than 
the Valentine. 

Golden Wax — grows a little larger than 
the former, and is wonderfully prolific , 
pods the same color as German Wax bean, 
one side white the other is red specked; 
a little later than German Wax. 

Royal White Kidney. An excellent 
late variety; pods long and well filled 
with long white kidney-shaped beans. 



GARDENER S POCKET MANUAL. 3/ 

quantity rather than quahty. Planted 
this distance apart will give al^out iS,ooo 
roots to the acre, and if they can be grown 
to average from two to three pounds each \ 
there will be an enormous yield of food, 
for every pound each that the roots aver- 
age you will have nine tons of beets. I 
doubt if as much food can be grown on a 
given amount of land in any other crop 
as this. A man with a village lot where 
manure can be had in abundance, could 
keep a cow and several pigs the larger 
part of the year, as the thinning would 
go far toward feeding them through June 
and July, and the surplus leaves in August 
and September, and then he would have 
from ten to twenty-five tons of good, 
sweet roots for Avinter feed, and while 
turnips and some other roots soon begin 
to depreciate in quality, the beets will be 
as good in March and April as when put 
away. 

Beets that are to be kept for Spring use 
should be buried out-of-doors, and those 
intended for winter use should be cover- 
ed with earth in a box or barrel in the 
cellar. 

The varieties most esteemed are 
Early Egyptian — This variety is com- 
paratively new. Shaped like a flat tur- 



38 gardener's pocket manual. 

nip and of the deepest red color; very 
sweet and tender ; seeds very sm:.ll. 




EGYPTIAN BLOOD TURXIP 



Improved Blood l^uniip — This was 
produced by selecting the finest speci- 
mens of the old Blood Turnip. A little 
larger than the Egyptian ; blood red ; of 
very perfect form ; small top ; good for 
early use, and also a fine keeper. 

Early Turnip Bassano-^-A\\y and pro- 
ductive. Root, flat turnip-shaped, light 
red ; flesh white, marbled with bright 
pink ; leaves, small light green, veined 
with red. 

I have grown this variety on very rich 
black land to average six pcunds each, 
taking 100 roots as they grew in the row, 
and as they will bear closer planting than 
the field beets, I should recommend the 



(;ARDENER S POCKET MAMAI. 



man with a single cow to feed and rich 
land, to sow this variety for Fall and early 
Winter feeding, but they will not keep 
well through the' whiter unless sown late. 
Long Blood — Is the standard winter 
variety, and cannot be excelled. The 
roots are uniform in size, and blood-red 
color ; very sweet, tender and delicious. 




SWISS CHARD, OR SEA KALR 



S%viss Chard — This is a variety that 
makes no root, but has a luxuriant growth 
of leaves and stalks, which are used as 
gieens. The stems are very large clear 
white and very tender, and are used as a 
substitute for Asparagus. .The plants 
should be thinned to one foot apart. 

Red Mangel Wnrtzel — A large, long 
variety, grown for stock feeding. Most 
of the I eet o-rows above sfi'ound. Plant 



'i 



40 GARDENERS POCKET MANUAL. 

in rows two and a half feet apart and on< 
foot in the row. 

TcUoiv Globe Alangel Wiirtzcl — A 
larg^e. round, orano-e colored variety. A 
fine yielder and an excellent keeper; best 
for late Spring- feeding. 

White Sugar — A large, field variety ; 
excellent for stock. 



.1 



CABBAGE 

fills an important place in the family gar 
den. It is perfect!}' hardy, enduring hard 
frosts in the early Spring, and will stand 
without injury till the ground freezes in 
early winter. It can be grown large 
enough for use in June, and can be kept 
in good condition until the following May. 
The waste of the crop is valuable food 
for cattle or hogs. It may be planted 
from the first of April until August, and 
can be grown as a second crop after early 
beans, peas, potatoes and other crops. 

Culture. Cabbages require a rich, mellow 
soil, and too much pains cannot be taken 
in the preparation and manuring of the 
soil. 

For early cabbage, sow the last of Feb- 
ruary or early in March, either in hotbed 
or in a box in the house, and if fine, stocky 
plants are wanted, transplant into cold 
frames when well into the second leaf 



GARDENER S POCKE'J" MANUAL 



41 



setting them three inches apart each way. 
Thev may be planted in the open ground 
as soon as the ground will work mellow^ 
if they have been previously hardened by 
exposuic to the air. 

The early varieties may be set eighteen 
inches apart, and the wnnter varieties 
about two feet ; or if very large, like the 
Marblehead Mammoth, two bv three feet. 




EARLY WIXNIGSTADT 



In transplanting cabbage always set in 
tJic grou72d up to the -first leaf, no mattei- 
Jwv: long the ste?n may be. 

Some years ago it was very difficult to 
grow the plants, on account of the black 
flea that destroys them as soon as thev 
make their appearance above the soil. 
Constant watchfulness will generally save 
them. The very morning that they make 
their appearance be on hand while the 



GARDENER S POCKET MANUAL. ^2 

dew is on. and sprinkle them thoroughly 
with air-slaked lime or sifted ashes. Fol" 
low this up daily, until they are well into 
the rough leaf. 

If plants are wanted for the family only, 
sow in boxes set up a few feet above the 
ground, and you will find it a perfect pro- 
tection. 

For two or three years past, the green 
worm has attacked nearh' all the cabbasfe 
grown in Southern Ohio, and much of it 
has been ruined. I am not prepared to 
give an infallible remedy, but the follow- 
ing are recommended and are worth try- 
ing : 

Sprinkle your cabbages with boiling 
water poured from a water pot ; dust 
with buckwheat flour, or sprinkle with 
strong lime water. All these remedies 
are said to be effective, but I have not 
yet had occasion to test them. 

The best way to keep cabbages through 
the winter is by burying them, as they 
retain their tenderness and crisp flavor 
much better than when kept in a cellar. 
If the heads are solid and well matured, 
turn them upside down in a dry place — 
two rows together. Pack as close to- 
gether as possible, then throw the earth 
upon each side. The outside leaves will 



(rAHDENER S POCKET MANUAL. 



43 



protect the head, and if some boards or 
hay is put over the top to keep out the 
rain, they will keep with but little earth. 
If you have loose cabbage that has just 
begun to head, set them in beds four feet 
wide, covering the roots well, and pack 
them as closely as possible, (heads up.) 




PREMIL .M FLAT DUTCH. 



Raise the earth at the sides a little higher 
than the top of the cabbages, then gather 
leaves from the orchard or forest and 
cover the top six inches deep, and above 
this fix a shelter of boards or corn fodder. 
Managed in this way, loose cabbage will 
head and be of the finest quality. 

The varieties of cabbage are so numer- 
ous that I might fill several pages with a 



44 GARDENER S POCKET MANUAL. 

list, but the following will be found suffi- 
cient and satisfactory: 

Eai-ly Jersey Wakejield — Heads of 
medium size, generally cone-shaped, but 
sometimes nearly round and very solid. 
It is reliable for heading, and will bear 
close planting. 

Early Sugar Loaf — Heads conical ; 




STONE MASON MARBLEH EAD. 



leaves spoon shaped ; color bluish green. 
An excellent variety for the North, but 
does not succeed w^ell in the South. 

Early l^ork — A well known and popu- 
lar variety. Early ; of excellent flavor, 
and may be planted close — from 15 to iS 
inches. 

Early Winnigstadt — This is one of the 
best varieties of cabbage in general use in 
cultivation. It comes early, and may also 



CtARdener s i»ocket manual 



45 



be planted for winter. It makes a large, 
resrular conical head, often attaining a 




MARBLF.HEAD MAMMOTH DRUMHEAD. 



weight of 20 pounds. It bears the heat 
well and keeps either in hot or cold 
weather. Qiiality excellent. 

CABBAGE WINTER. 

Stone Mason — This variety is noted for 
its sweet and delicate flavor, and its relia- 
bility for forming a large, solid head, near- 
ly every plant heading up fine and solid 
when well cultivated. It is very hardy, 
and will endure the cold of extreme 
Northern climates. One of the best for 
family or market. 

Premium Drumhead — This variety has 
been greatlv improved under the careful 



46 GARDENEU'S POCKET MANUAL. 

management of our best seed growers, 
and now for size and general excellence 
ranks among the best. 

Preiniuvi Flat DutcJi — Perhaps no 
varietv of cabbage has given as good 
satisfaction or is so universally cultivated 
as this. It is earlier than the Drumhead, 
and has proved to be as reliable and 
profitable as any variety grown in Amer- 
ica. 

Ma7'blcJiead Mammoth £>ru//ihead-Th.\?, 
is the largest cabbage grown. Heads 
have been produced weighing over fifty 
pounds, and under good cultivation it has 
been grown bv the acre to average thirty 
pounds. Mr. Gregory w^ho originated 
this variety, says that it does better when 
sown where it is to grow than to be trans- 
planted. 

Red Dutch — This variety is valued for 
pickling. It is of medium size, and makes 
a very solid head. It should be sown 
early, and planted two feet apart each 
way. 

CAULIFLOW^ER. 

This is a vegetable seldom found in the 
farm garden, and yet it is worth a trial. I 
have succeeded in getting splendid heads 
from it. It is the most delicate of any of 
the cabbage family. It produces within 



gardener's pocket manual. 47 

its long, pale green leaves a white head 
resembling a basin rounded full of the 
curd known as cottage cheese. 

The seed should be sown in AjM-il, and 




EARLY ERFURT. 



transplanted and treated as cabbage. It 
requires, however, more water, and if 
drouth occurs, they should not be allowed 
to suffer. 

The Early Paris and Erfurt Large Early 
White will be found reliable varieties. 

CARROT. 

The carrot is worthy of a place in the 
farmer's garden. It is an excellent in- 
gredient in soups, and is relished by many 
when boiled wnth meats. Itis unsurpass- 



48 



GARDENER S POCKET MANUAL, 




EARLY SCARLET 
HORN . 



ed for feeding both horses and cattle. 
With rich land and thorough culture it is 
very productive. I have grown 600 
bushels to the acre. They 
should be sow^n early in 
May, in drills 15 inches 
apart, and thinned to 4 
or 6 inches in the row. 
The Early Scarlet 
Horn will be found the 
best early sort. It is of 
deep color, fine grain and 
will do well on shallow 
soil. 

The Improved Long 
Ora7ige is best for the main crop. It has 
regularly tapering roots, and deep orange 
color. For field culture, the rows should 
be iS inches apart, and the plants 8 inches 
in the row. 

CELERY. 

This plant is one of the best and most 
healthful salads in use. When blanched 
it is used raw, and it is also excellent for 
seasoning soups. 

The seed may be sown in the open 
ground in April, and to make the plants 
stocky they should be transplanted when 
three inches high, setting them three or 
four inches apart. 



GARDENERS POCKET iMAMAE. 3^ 

The best shelling- bean, and also good t'or 
winter use. 

jVcivy — This is the standard bean for 
field culture, and 
brings the high- 
est price in the 
market. 

In my experi- 
ence there is no 
crop that leaves 
the land m better 
condition for 

wheat than this. 
The heaviest 
crops of wheat 
grown under my 
observation for 
the last two years have been on bean stub- 
ble. They will also produce a profitable 
crop on land too poor to grow anything 
else on, and as they do not need to be 
planted early, a crop of rye can be grown 
to full size and plowed under before 
planting them. 

We find from the loth to the 15th oi 
June is the best time to plant, and wt 
harrow and roll until the land is in fine 
condition, and then sow with the wheat 
drill iS inches apart, and use about one 
bushel of seed per acre. After drilling in 

3 




GERM AX WAX 



^4 gardener's pocket manual. 

the seed, roll, and if the season proves 
favorable, they w^ill need no cultivation, 
and can be cut with the scythe. 

If heavy rains come on and start the 
weeds before the beans are large enough 
to shade the ground they must be work- 
ed, which can be done with a small shovel- 
plow once in a row, as with a little care a 
gentle horse can be made to walk in a 
row iS inches wide. 

If they are cultivated it will be neces- 
sary to pull them, as the surface will be 
too uneven for a scythe. If they are 
mowed, it should be done before the pods 
are dry, or they will shatter. 

Should the weather be unfavorable at 
o-athering time, they may be started so as 
To cure with little damage. The way to 
do it is to set stout poles (three inches in 
diameter) in the ground by punching 
holes with a crow-bar. Let the poles be 
six or eight feet high and sharpened at the 
top. Put something at the base of the 
poles to keep the beans off the ground, 
and keep slipping them down from the 
top, the stack will be so narrow that there 
will be no danger of heating or molding, 
and the top bunches can be so arranged 
as to shed the water perfectly. 

We have, for many years, practiced 



GARDENER S POCKET MANUAL. 35 

threshing our beans by tramping with 
horses, and find it much easier and more 
rapid than using a flail, and if care is 
taken to keep the barn floor well covered 
there will be found but few split beans. 

I am aware that the Navy bean is not a 
garden bean, but as this work is intended 
largely for farmers I have thought that 
this digression would be acceptable. 

BEAN POLE. 

We have so many good varieties of 
Bush beans and the labor of poling is so 
great, that it is not worth while to plant 
any but the best, which undoubtedly are: 

Large Lima — A well-known and pro- 
ductive bean. 

Small Lhna — Which is as rich, and 
much more prolific, besides being more 
easily shelled. And the 

Giant Wax — A very rich bean, with 
clusters of large, flat, waxy, yellow pods, 
equal if not superior to the German W^ax 
in flavor. This variety may be grown as 
a corn bean. 

The Lima beans are tender and should 
not be planted until settled warm weather, 
and it is best to make a hill raised a few 
inches, as they are very sensitive to cold 
and w^et, and the seed will not germinate 
unless the conditions are favorable. It 



36 (iARDENEirS POCKET MANUAL. 

will increase the yield to pinch back the 
vines when they reach the top of the pole. 

THK BERT 

Is a valuable and important vegetable. 
The early varieties are perfectly hardy 
and may be sown as soon as the ground 
can be worked, as they will endure a hard 
freeze without material injury. It is well 
to sow thickly at the first sowing, as if a 
severe freeze comes usually some will 
escape if others are killed. 

Beets may be sown from early in March 
until July. I have grown good crops 
sown as late as July 4th, and it is well to 
make a late sowing to preserve for win- 
ter, as they will be sweeter and tenderer 
than those that have attained their full 



growth. 



When beets are grown for stock, or a 
large yield is desired, I have found the 
best time to plant to be early in May. 

In the garden they may be grown in 
rows i^ inches apart, and they may be 
sown quite thick in the rows, and thinned 
for early greens. The turnip-rooted 
varieties will bottom well on rich soil at 
six inches apart. 

For field culture, I prefer to plant two 
and a half feet wide, and thin to a foot in 
the rows, as for feeding stock we want 




(;aki)i:\i:k's I'oeKi/r mamai.. \(j 

It niav ho platitcil In tlu- trcnclu's w lu-rc 

it is to <^ro\v from the middle of June to 

the michlle of Au^^ust, hut the \j. 

hitter part of Jul\ is the hest ^ 

time. Dig trenches ten inches 

deep, a foot wide, and five or 

six feet apart. Spread several 

inches of well composted ma- ^' 

nure in the hottom of the / 

trenches, and mix well with >- 

J the soil. 

' The roots of the plants 

I should he shortened and also , 

I the leaves cut hack at trans- 

I plantinj^. Water thorouo:hly, 

j and protect from the sun for a Vx 

I few days till the plants become fe 

. established ; then give con- ^;- If 

I start and thorough culture. 

' About the first of Scptem- r-_^' 

I ber begin to earth up. Hold ^?M 

1 the leaves tiffht with one hand 

to prevent gettmg the soil in- 

! to the center of the plant — 

j which causes it to rot or rust \ 

I — and with the other hand long 

I draw the earth round the '*^•^"^;J' 
cARRoT. 

(stem. Keep earthing up 

I through October, and as cold weather 

* approaches, cover with straw or litter, so 

I . 



c;o gardener's pocket manual. 

as to prevent freezing. The varieties thai 
will give best satisfaction are: Incom- 
parable Dv^^arf White and Superb White 
Solid. 

CORN, 



It must be remembered that it takes a 
much richer soil to grow^ a good crop ot 
sweet corn than of field corn. It is not 
profitable to plant on any but well ma- 
nured soil, and not until the weather be- 
comes warm, and settled — after the first of 
May. A planting should be made every 
week until the middle of July. 

Plant Blood Red Sweet or Early Min- 
nesota for tbe earliest and latest plantings, . 
and Stowell Evergreen for the main crop. ' 

The first two named varieties are not 
only early, but of excellent flavor. 

Blood Red Sweet has remarkably large 
ears for an early variety. 

Stowell Evergreen possesses the rare 
merit of remaining a long time fit lor use, 
and as it bears large ears and often two to 
the stock, and will bear closer planting ^ 
than field corn, it can, on rich ground, be | 
grown profitably for early feeding of 
stock. 

The early varieties may be planted two 
by three feet, and the Stowell a littl 



ic 



w 



ider 



gardener's pocket manual. 51 

White Pop Corn is a niost excellent 
variety ; small, clear strains; very prolific; 
and, when popped, very tender. 

CUCUMBER. 

The cucumber is a ve:y tender plant, very 
sensitive to cold, and it is of little use to 
plant in the open grround until the weather 
is warm and settled, which, in this lati- 
tude, is often not until nearly or quite the 
first of June. There is always great risk 
from the striped bug if planted early, but 
the\- rarely disturb them if planted after 
the middle of June. 

For pickles, we plant from June 15th to 
July loth, and usually grow them as a 
second crop where early peas have been 
raised, and then invariably sow turnips 
between the rows at the last hoeing of the 
cucumbers. For many years I have fol- 
lowed this plan, growing from half an 
acre to an acre each year, and making it 
very profitable. It will be found neces- 
sary to manure liberally where land is 
cropped in this way, but with three crops 
to be marketed, it will pay. 

We select a dry, rich piece of land, if 
possible, underdrained black land, and 
plow under a good coating of manure in 
the Fall. We then give it a light coat of 
finely composted manure, and let it remain 



52 GARDENER S POCKET MANUAL. 

until Spring. As soon as the land can 
be worked in the Spring, even if as early 
as the last of February, we work mellow 
with cultivator, or double-shovel and har- 
row, and put in our peas, either Tom 
Thumb or Early Philadelphia, sowing the 
former twenty inches and the latter two 
feet apart. These come into market from 
the 25th of May to the 5th of June, and 
we pick them twice, and then plow under 
what is left and prepare for the cucum- 
bers. As the ground dries out very rapid- 
ly at this season of the year, we take the 
harrow and roller to the field with us, and 
use them while the land is freshly plow- 
ed. We then mark off five feet apart 
each way and drop at each check a 
shovelful of fine manure, and over this we 
raise a hill some four inches high and a 
foot broad ; on this hill we drop a dozen 
seeds, and cover by stepping on it and 
pressing it firmly down into the soil, and 
then with the side of the foot cover with 
a half inch or so of earth. 

For pickles, we always plant the Early 
Cluster, as they are very prolific and make 
a very symetrical pickle, and do not run 
to vine so much as many other varieties. 
In ten days they will be large enough to 
thin and hoe. We leave four planis in a 



gardener's pocket manual. 53 

hill, and at each working draw a little 
fresh earth to the plants. 

They should be worked once a week, or 
oftener if rains fall to make a crust and 




EARLY CLUSTER. 



start the weeds. In about five weeks, the 
vines will begin to run across the rows ; 
some time between the 25th of July and 
the loth of August, as soon as the ground 
can be washed after a rain, sow turnip 
seed, at the rate of one pound per acre. 
If you can get through between the rows 
with a one-horse harrow do so, and follow 
with hoes, and hoe lightly all the ground 
that the harrow does not stir. If the 
vines have run so that the harrow^ cannot 
be used, the entire surface must be lightly 
hoed over. 

In six weeks from planting you can be- 
gin to gather pickles, and as long as the 
weather is warm, they must be picked 
every day. We pick in the forenoon on 
Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, and 



54 GARDENER S POCKET MANUAL. 

in the afternoon on the last three days ot 
the week, so as to finish up as late as pos- 
sible on Saturday, or there will be a great 
many large ones on Monday. 

You need not be afraid of hurtmg the 
turnips by tramping them, for in ten years 
experience I have grown my best crops in 
this way. 

I have, for fifteen years, sold pickles at 
300 for a dollar, delivered to my customers 
at their houses, and ■ have found them a 
very profitable crop. 

If we pick more any day than we can 
sell, we put them down in salt, filling a 
barrel with alternate layers of salt and 
pickles, using about three pecks of salt to 
a forty gallon barrel. 

The most profit will be found in a 
pickle about three or four inches long, 
and from three to four thousand can be 
salted in a forty gallon barrel. 

The following varieties comprise all 
that the farmer will need. 

Early Russia}! — This is our earliest 
variety ; quite small ; grows in pairs ; 
good for the table, and makes a fine, small 
pickle. 

White Spine — A good variety for table 
use; early and prolific ; growth uniformly 



(iARDENERS POCKET MANUAJ. 



55 



a good variety 



for 




GHERKIN 



straicrht and smooth 

o 

forcing under glass. 

Early Clustei' — The best of all for 
pickles; ver\' early 
and productive ; 
makes but little 
vine, and bears in 
clusters. 

hnproved Long 
Green — The best 
large variety in cultivation; a good bearer; 
grows about a foot long, and is of excel- 
lent flavor ; makes a hard, brittle pickle. 
Must be planted six feet apart each way. 
Gherkin — A small, oval variety, grcwn 
exclusively for pickles. They should be 
picked when young and tender, and about 
an inch long. 

GOURD. 

Although gourds cannot be classed as 
garden vegetables, yet they are useful and 
convenient. 

They should not be planted until the 
weather is settled, unless they are started 
in pots or on squares of inverted sod, as 
described in Chapter VIII. 

If you want straight handles, the dipper 
gourds should be furnished a brush or 
trellis to run on, but for several years I 
have grown them on the ground, as I do 




56 gardener's pocket manual. 

squashes. Some of the handles will be 
straight and some curved, so that the 
gourd can be hung by the handle on the 
edge of a barrel or wash 
boiler, and by taking 
pains in cutting them, 
the curves in the handle 
are advantageous. The 
SUGAR TROUGH, larofc varlctv should 
always be allowed to run 
on the ground, as they are too heavy for 
the vines to support. The handle varieties 
are very prolific, and a single hill will 
furnish all the dippers a family needs. 

The Sugar Trough varieties should be 
planted ten feet apart each way, and but 
two plants allowed to the hill. 

Gourd Dipper — This variety varies in 
size from a pint to two quarts, with han- 
dles from six to fifteen inches long. They 
are convenient for dipping hot liquids, as 
the handles do not heat through readily. 
They also make good homes for birds, if 
a hole is cut in one side, and they are tied 
securely in trees about the house. 

Sugar Trough Gourds have no handles, 
but grow to a very large size. I have 
grown a thousand, in a single year, that 
would hold an average of four to five gal- 
lons each, and I have selected manv 



GARDENER S POCKE'J' MANUAL. ^^7 

specimens that held from seven to ten 
gallons each. They make a thick, strong 
shell to which a bail can be fastened, so 
as to use them for baskets. Thev are very 
light, but durable. 

In the early times, in many parts of the 
West, they were used for catching sugar 
water, and I have seen them that had been 
in use for ten years. 

We have used them for many years for 
nest boxes, sawing them down low and 
secure them in place with a shingle nail to 
keep them from tipping over by the hen 
stepping on the edge. 

They are also convenient for many 
household purposes, and when cut 
through the middle horizontally, so that 
in holding them the thumb is inside the 
divided handle, they make capacious and 
convenient dippers. 

They should be sawn apart before 
freezing weather in the Fall, and the seeds 
removed, and then inverted and left till 
Spring, and the freezing and thawing will 
cause the pith to peel out of them, so that 
they can be easily cleaned. 

LETTUCE. 

This vegetable needs a rich soil if you 
would have it form a head, and as a very 
small amount of land will produce all that 



58 gardp:nek's pocket manual. 

any family can use, we can certainly afford 
to make it rich. 

It may be sown as soon as the land can 
be worked in the Spring, in the open 




FARLV PFIZ^ HFAD 



ground, and may be sown in September 
and kept through the Winter with a 
slight protection. 

The early varieties run to seed quickly, 
and it is best to sow at the same time 
some of the head varieties for late use. It 
may be sown quite thick, but should be 
thinned to a foot apart before it becomes 
crowded, if you would have fine heads. 

Early Curled Silesia — This is the best 
early sort. Hardy, of strong growth, and 
excellent flavor. 

Large Drumhead — Heads large, some- 
what flattened; pale green outside ; white 



(iAKDENERS POCKKT MANUA1-. 



S9 



at center ; crisp and tender ; an excellent 
summer variety. 

jFc?'r-ys Prize Head — I believe this to 
be the best Summer Lettuce known. It 
forms a large head of the very finest 
flavor, and as it is slow to run up to seed, 




L\R(iE DKIMHEAD. 



remains in use longer than any other 
variety. 1 recommentl this above all 
other varieties. 

MUSTARD. 

Chinese — To those w^ho are fond of 
early salads this plant deser^.-es to be bet- 
ter known. It grows with tender, crisp 
leaf stems, and may be used with lettuce, 
or alone, and will be found excellent. Sow 
once in two weeks through the season, 
and if dry, water, as it requires a good 
deal of moisture. 



6o GARDEN Eli's POCKET MANUAL. 



I 




MELON. 

Neither Tvlusk or Water Melons should 
be planted in the open ground until the 
weather is warm and settled, and if they 
are to be started in pots 
or on sods. I would 
not advise plantmg be- 
fore the first of May. 
They may be planted 
under a single pane of 
glass, as described in 
jEXNv iiM) Chapter VIII, and if 

this is done, and careful attention given 
them, they may be planted a week or two 
earlier than otherwise. 

Melons require a rich soil, and it is best 
to mix a shovelful of fine, rich manure in 
the hill, and if they do not appear thrifty, 
use liquid manure. Jf your soil is a heavy 
clay, it will pay to haul sand to be used in 
the hills. 

Musk Melons may be planted six feet 
apart each way, but Water Melons should 
be from eight to ten apart. 

The greatest enemy that the melon 
grower has to contend with is the striped 
bug, and some years it is almost impossi- 
ble to secure a stand. I would always 
recommend a free use of wheat bran, and 
from my experience I think it will save 



i 



(JAKDKNKK S POCKKl MAMAl.. 6l 

them. Just as soon as they arc up. aj)pl\ 
a handful to each hill, heaping it round 
the stem up to the leaves. Go over them 
everv t'ew days with a tVesh application, 
antl particularly after each rain. 

As seed is not expensive, I would re- 
commend always to plant at one side of 
the hill, and when the melons be^i^in to 




GRFKN NT 'I- MEG. 



come up, plant again the opposite side of 
the hill. If the first planting should be 
destroyed, the second will often escape. 

Melons may be. planted among early 
potatoes by omitting every third row, as 
the potatoes can be dug before the vines 
run much. 

Melons may be planted late in June and 
will mature, as they make a very rapid 
growth during the heat of Summer. o 



63 



GARDENER S POCKET MANUAL. 



MELON MUSK. 

yenny Lind — The earliest of all 



the 

green-fleshed kinds ; sweet, and of de- 
hcious flavor ; size, small ; skin, thickly 
netted and thin. One of the best for the 
home garden. 

Early 7'elioiv Cantaloupe — This variety 
is earlier than the green-fleshed kinds; of 




CASABA 



good size, nearly round ; flesh, salmon 
color and thick, musky flavor. 

Green Citron — Nearly round ; six to 
eight inches in diameter ; flesh, green and 
of delicious flavor. 

Improved Green Nutmeg — This has 
been much improved on the Seed Farm 
of D. M. Ferrv, by careful selection, and 
it is nov^'' regarded as the best of its kind. 
It is of large size, thicklv netted, and 



GAKDENEirS POCKET MANLIAL. 63 

(lecplv ril)hccl : llcsh, deep green, rich 
and sweet. 

Ci7SS(7/h7 — One of the largest and best 
varieties in cultivation, attaining- a \vcii;ht 
of 12 to 15 pounds. Flesh o^reen, sweet 
and delicious. 

MELON — WATER. 

Ph'uuicvs J\a)'l\' — A very early variety 




ol medium size and <4-()()d form , a very 
prolific bearer ; skin, smooth with narrow 
white mottled and dark i^reen stripes ; 
flesh, light red, and very sweet. One of 
the best for family use, but the rind is so 
brittle and thin that it does not bear carri- 
age well. 

Mountain Sweet — An excellent family 
variety. Light, green mottled ; flesh, 
scarlet and very solid, and of delicious 
flavor ; rind, thin. 



64 gardener's pocket manual. 

Mountain Spout — A large, striped 
variety, with drab -colored seeds and 
bright scarlet flesh. One of the best for 
market, as it will yield a greater weight 
to the acre than any other variety, and 






PKERLKSS 



bears transportation, and will keep a 
longer time than most others. 

Black Spanish — Roimd, with scarlet 
flesh and black seeds ; size, medium. 

D. M. Ferry s Peerless — This is claim- 
ed to be the best melon grown. Size, 
medium ; of good form ; light, mottled 
green ; thm rind ; small, white seeds ; 
scarlet, solid flesh, and deliciously sweet. 

ONION, 

Until quite recently the idea has pre- 
vailed that onions could not be grown 
from seed in the latitude of Southern 



(jahokner's pocket mania I.. 65 

Ohio. It has been demonstrated, how- 
ever, that larger and better onions can be 
grown from seed than from sets. 

As the growing of onions from sets is 
well understood, I shall pass itb^- and tell 
how to grow them from seed. 

The soil for onions should be clean and 
rich, and it is best to select a spot and 
keep it for this purpose, as onions, unlike 
most crops, may be grown on the same 
land for many years, and the crops will 
improve. 

The seed should be sown early ir April 
or as soon as the ground can be put in 
good condition. Sow in drills far enough 
apart so that you can hoe between them. 
Scatter the seed in the row so as to have 
a seed every inch. 

In cultivation, keep the surface mellow 
and free from weeds, but there is no need 
of cultivating more than inch deep. 

If but a few for family use are to be 
grown they can be sown and cultivated 
by hand, but if a large crop is to be grown 
a seed drill and hand cultivator are indis- 
pensible. 

Where a small amount of ground is oc- 
cupied, I would recommend a top dress- 
ing of sifted manure to be applied after 
they were up, just before hoeing. When 

5 



66 gardener's pocket manual. 

the bulbs are nearly formed, and the tops 
begin to fall down, ripening will be has- 
tened by rolling an empty barrel over 
them to break down the tops. A second 
crop can be grown on the land by plant- 
ing late cabbage between the rows the 
latter part of July. 

The following varieties are the most 
popular, and will give satisfaction : 

Large Red Wether sfield — This is the 
best keeper, and the standard variety for 
the general crop. Large size, deep pur- 
plish red ; flesh, purplish w^hite ; very 
productive ; strong: flavor. Not so good 
for family use as Yellow Danvers or 
White Portugal. 

Tellozv Danvers — I think this the best 
variety for general culture. It is of 
globular foim ; above medium size; flesh, 
white, and of mild flavor ; a good pro- 
ducer. I have seen six hundred bushels 
grown on an acre from seed sown in 
April. 

White Portugal — A large, flat onion, 
of excellent flavor. Fine for family use 
in Summer and Fall, but does not keep 
well. When sown thickly so as to pro- 
duce small bulbs, it is excellent for pickles. 

PARSNIP. 

Plant early in Spring, in deep, rich 



gardener's pocket manual. 67 



soil, using plenty of seed, as it is slow to 
germinate, and if heavy rains occur to 
beat down the ground, the plants will not 
all come through. Cover 
the seed evenly about an 
inch deep. When three or 
four inches high, thin to six 
inches. 

Let them remain in the 
bed all winter, as the frost 
improves them. 

If you have more than 
the family needs, the cow 
will appreciate them. 

Long White Dutch^ or 
Sugar — Is the common 
variety, and is too well 
known to need a descrip- 
tion. 

Hollow Crown — A long, 
very symetrical variety, 
with smooth, tapering root crown. 
and a cavity at the crown, from which it 
takes its name. 

PEAS. 

Early peas should be planted as soon as 
the ground can be worked, and on a warm 
dr} soil, and while some of the late kinds 
will bear profitable crops on moderate 
soil for the early varieties, the ground 




68 gardener's pocket manual. 

cannot be too rich, and as they ripen in 
time to grow a full crop afler them, you 
can afford to manure heavily. 

The tall varieties that need sticks should 
be planted in rows four feet apart, using 
about a pint of seed to lOO feet of row. 

The small, early varieties may be plant- 
ed much closer. Tom Thumb and Mc- 
Lean's Little Gem 15 inches, and Early 
Philadelphia and Carter's First crop 30 
inches apart, using a pint of seed for sixty 
feet of drill. 

The wrinkled peas are of more delicate 
flavor than those that remain full and 
plump, and they also remain longer in 
season than other kinds. 

At the first planting plant Tom Thumb 
or Early Philadelphia, and at the same 
time McLean's Little Gem and Dwarf 
Blue Imperial. These will follow each 
other in regular succession, and furnish 
peas for three or four weeks. All of 
these may be grown without sticks, but 
Philadelphia and Blue Imperial will do 
better with support. 

Early in May plant Champion of Eng 
land and Large Marrowfat, and you will 
prolong the season many weeks. 

These varieties are described as fol- 
lows : 



gardener's pocket manual. 69 

Extra Early Torn Thurnb — This, with 
me, has proved as early and more profita- 
ble than any other variety. I have gather- 
ed five pecks of green peas, in the pod, to 
the square rod, but to succeed with them 
the g7'oimd must be 1 leh, and they must 
be planted early. They grow but nine 
inches high and stand erect, so that in 
gathering them you can use both hands, 
as you do not nee.1 to support the vines 
with the other hand as with the taller 
varieties. Very productive, and of good 
flavor. 

Carter's Elrst Crop — This is as early 
as Tom Thumb ; grows two feet high, 
and bears abundantlv ; of g-ood flavor. 

Early Philadelphia — This variety is 
also called Extra Early and Early May. It 
is but little diff'erent from Carter's First 
Crop, but possibly a few days earlier. 
Grows 2\ feet high, and ripens evenly. 

McLeafi's Little Gem — This is a dw^arf, 
green, wrmkled variety. The peas are 
large and very sweet and rich ; nearlv as 
early as any ; grows one foot high. It is 
really a valuable acquisition. 

Large Bhie Imperial — Grows three 
feet high ; pods large, containing eight or 
nine peas ; seed, large blue and a little 
flattened. A good bearer, and of excel- 



70 gvvhdenek's pocket manual. 

lent flavor. Must be planted early, or it 
will mildew. 

Champion of England — This is one of 
the richest and most productive peas 
grown. Grows from four to five feet 
high ; seed, pale green and much shrivel- 
led. There is no better variety cultiva- 
ted. 

Large Marrozvfai — ^Vn excellent vari- 
ety ; grows five feet high, with large 
pods well filled with large, rich peas ; a 
great bearer ; should be found in every 
garden. 

PEPPER. 

Sow in April, under glass, and trans- 
plant when the weather is warm and set- 
tled. 

The large variety should l)e planted 
eighteen inches apart ; the small, one 
foot. 

Long Red Cayenne — A long, slender, 
pointed pod ; extremely pungent ; color, 
bright red. 

Large Bell, or A/a?igo — A large sort, of 
square form, with thick shell and mild 
flavor ; quite early. 

RADISH. 

Sow the first crop as soon as the ground 
can be w^orked, and every two weeks 
through the season. 



(JARDEKEr's pocket MANUy\J- 7I 

The soil best suited is a sandy loam, 
made rich and light by good, strong 
well-worked manure, as a quick growth 
makes a sweet, tender radish. 

Sow in drills twelve inches apart, and 
thin to two or three inches in the 
tow. 

Thevwinter varieties may be 
sown from the first to middle of 
August. 

Early Long Scarlet.^ Short Top 
— This is a standard variet}' ; 
grows on good soil from six to 
nine inches long, about half above 
ground. Color, bright scarlet ; 
roots, taper regularly, and is ten- 
der and crisp. 

Red Tiirnif — A small, round, 
red variety, with a small top ; 
very earlv, and of remarkably 
quick growth. 

White Z2^r;2/^-- Like the above ^"^f^^^ 
but pure white in color ; a little scarlet 
later than the red, and bears the ^"^'^'^^ 

' TOP. 

heat better. 

Rose, Olive- Shaped — Skin, fine scarlet, 
flesh, rose color, tender and excellent. 

New French Breakfast — A medium- 
sized, olive-shaped radish, with small top 
and of quick growth. A beautiful scarlet 



72 



gardener's pocket manual. 



color, except the root, which is pure 
white. One of the very best in cultiva- 
tion, as well as the most handsome. 

California Majumoih White China, 





frp:nch 
breakfast. 



KARl.V ROSK, 
OT.IVE-SHAPED. 



Wititer — This was introduced by the 
Chinese in California. It is pure white, 
about a foot long and two to three inches 
in diameter, tapering regularly to the 



GARDENER S POCKET MANUAL. 73 

root. Keeps well through the winter. 
A valuable addition to our list. 

Rose ChiJta^ Winter — Of conical form 
and smooth skin ; a lively rose color ; 
flesh, firm. This and the above keep best 
buried in the ground. When kept in the 
cellar they should be covered with sand. 

SPINACH. 

This vegetable deserves a place in every 
garden. It is easily cultivated, and will 
furnish a delicious dish at a time when 
the appetite craves for something green. 

It may be sown in September for early 
Spring use, and will need but slight pro- 
tection through the winter. Sow again 
as soon as the ground can be worked, and 
once in two weeks for a succession. 

There are but few varieties, and for 
general use the round Summer variety 
will be found the best. Leaves large, 
thick and fleshy ; stands the winter well; 
sow quite thick, and thin for use until the 
plants are six inches apart. 

The soil should be rich. 

SAGE. 

Sow early in Spring, in shallow drills ; 
press the seed firmly into the soil and 
cover half an inch deep. In the Fall, or 
the following Spring, transplant, setting 
eighteen inches apart each way. 



74 



GARDEN EKS POCKE'l' MANUA: 



SQJUASH. 

Squashes require the same general 
treatment as melons. 

They need a rich soil, and warm tem- 
perature, and must not be planted until 




the ground is warm and the weather set- 
tled. 

Their greatest enemy is the striped bug, 
and constant watchfulness will be re- 
quired to save them. 

The Summer varieties may be planted 



gardener's pocket manual. 75 

five feet apart, but the winter varieties 
should be ten feet apart. 

Of Summer varieties there are two 
Early Bush Scallops. An early, fiat, 
scallop-shaped variety ; color, white or 




yellow ; good flavored ; and very pro- 
ductive. 

SQUASH SUMMER. 

Summer Crookneck — The richest and 
best sort for Summer. It is of a yellow 
color, with a rough, warty surface. It is 
used only when young and tender. When 



^6 gardener's pocket manual. 

ripe it has a shell almost as hard as a 
gourd. 

Squash Winter — The best winter 
squash known. Flesh, bright orange, 
fine ground, dry, sweet and rich flavor. 
Keeps perfectly well through the winter. 
The skin is of a dark, bronze color. 

MarbleJicad — This is an admirable new" 
variety. It is the finest grained squash 




WINTER CROOKNhCK 



and the best keeper known. About the 
size of the Hubbard, and of a bluish green 
color, wi.h a bright orange flesh. Re- 
quires the whole season to mature. 

Boston Mari'ozv — An excellent Fall and 
Winter variety. Bright, orange color, 
with salmon colored flesh. Dry and fine 
grained. 

Winter Crookncck —This is the easiest 



GARDENER S POCKET MANUAL. 77 

cultivated of all the squash family, as it is 
seldom troubled by bug of any descrip- 
tion. It yields enormously, and will ma- 
ture if planted as late as July loth. I have 
grow^n enormous crops of them after early 
peas. They may be planted also between 
early potatoes so late that they will run 
but little before the potatoes are dug. 
They are fine for pies, and ot fair quality 
for the table, and make a cheap and ex- 
cellent food for hogs. 

TOMATO. 

For the early crop, seeds should be 
sown in March, in hot-bed or in a box in a 
warm window. When two inches high, 
transplant, setting them three inches 
apart each way. This gives them good, 
fibrous roots, so that the final transplant- 
ing does not check their growth. 

If extra fine and early tomatoes are 
wanted, a second transplanting is advisa- 
ble, giving them still moie room before 
the final transplanting. 

Water copiously. 

New varieties, each said to be earlier 
than its successor, have been brought out 
each year, and while much has been 
claimed that did not stand the test, no 
vegetable has been more improved than 
this. o 



^S gardener's pocket manual. 

The following varieties include the 

best : 

Canada Victor— T\\\^ has sustained its 
reputation for earliness, and possesses a 
good form and flavor ; ripens well, and 
colors up to the stem. 

Ferry's Early Smooth Red— One of 
the earliest ; medium size, deep crimson, 




TROPHY. 

smooth skin, and perfectly smooth sur- 
face ; solid, and of uniform size. 

Hathaway s Excelsior — Qiiite early ; of 
medium size, smooth and solid ; a desira- 
ble variety. 

Trophy — This variety has sustained its 
reputation better than any nevs^ variety 
originated for years. It is medium early, 
of large size, and uniformly smooth and 
solid. One of the very best. 



gardener's pocket manual. 79 

jyiden — This variety ripens early, keeps 
a long time after it is gathered, and bears 
carriage well. It is very productive; Mr. 
Tilden, of Iowa, who originated it, claims 
to have grown 500 bushels to the acre of 
it. Fruit, large, roundish oval ; skin, 
smooth ; color, bright red. 

La?'ge Tellozv — A large, flatish tomato 




CANADA VICTOR. 

of bright, yellow color ; used for preserv- 
ing. 

Tellotv Phim—A small, plum-shaped, 
yellow tomato. Fine for pickling and 
preserving. 

TURNIP. 

This crop should occupy a more im- 
portant place on the farm than it does. I 
have often sold turnips, by the car-load, at 
from twenty-five to thirty-five cents per 



So GARDE nek's POCKET MANUAL. 

bushel, and liave made more clear profit 
per acre from them than from any crop I 
ever grew. 

If there should be no demand for them 
in market, they can be easily wintered in 




PURPLE TOP, STRAP LEAVED. 

pits and fed to cattle and sheep, and will 
be found profitable food. 

They may be grown as a second crop, 
and require moderately rich land, finely 
worked. 

I have grown large fields of them to 
average 300 bushels to the acre, and sin- 
gle acres that yielded 500 bushels. 

I have also grown them successfully by 
plowing clover sod after a crop of hay 



gardener's pocket manuai.. 8i 

had been cut, or by burning off wheat 
stubble and then working the surface fine 
with the cultivator and harrow. 

To succeed well with them, there should 
be a light coat of finely worked manure 
spread on the surface and harrowed in. 

I prefer to sow during the first ten days 
of August, but if I have a large crop to 
put in, or there are indications of a dry 




EARLY WHITE, FLAT DUTCH. 

Fall, I sow a part of my land at any time 
after the middle of July, when the ground 
is in order. 

The common practice is to sow just be- 
fore a rain. It is the worst possible time. 
The rain forms a crust, and also brings up 
a crop of weeds ; the turnips do not make 
a thrifty start, and are often destroyed by 
the garden flea, and if they make a stand 
there will always be a crop of weeds with 
them. 

I have grown turnips for twenty years 
6 



83 GARDENER S POCKET MANUAT.. 

without a single failure, and some years 
have had a crop when no one else in the 
township did, and I attribute it to this 
rule : 

Ahvays sow your iuriiips as soon after 
a rain as the ground can be zvorked witli- 
out packing. 

Have your land fine and smooth, no 
matter how much it is packed if there is 
an inch or two of fine, mellow earth at 
the surface. Sow one pound of seed to 
the acre, and cover with a light drag, or if 
a small piece of ground, by raking lightly 
with a orarden rake. If it does not rain 

o 

heavily until your turnips get a little start- 
ed, they will rarely need any cultivation ; 
but if the ground is very weedy, it will 
pay to hoe them on foul land. 

I would recommend sowing in drills 
fifteen inches apart. 

To keep them through the winter, we 
pile in ricks three teet high and narrow 
at the base so that the sides will slope at 
an angle of forty-five degrees, and throw 
a fool of earth on them without any 
straw, and then protect the outside with 
straw, corn fodder, or coarse manure. 

From the many varieties in cultivation 
I have selected the following as the best: 

Early White Flat Dutch — Sow in 



gardener's pocket manual. 83 

Spring, and use as soon as large enough. 
It is spongy when full grown. 

Purple Top^ Strap Leaf — This is the 
best variety for the main crop. It makes 
a quick, vigorous start, so that it is seldom 
destroyed by the " flea," yields largely, 
and outsells any other in the market. It 
is purely an American variety, and with- 
out doubt the best for the main crop. 

Improved Purple Pop, Rut a Baga — 
Probably the best variety of Swedish 
turnip in cultivation. It is of fine shape 
and flavor, large size, with solid flesh. 
Should be sown from June 20th to July 
15th, on dry, rich land. They succeed 
best on low ridges, two and a half feet 
apart. Thin to ten inches in the row and 
cultivate. 



gardener's pocket manuai.. 85 



CHAPTER IX. 

THE FLOWER GARDEN. 

'• Bring Plowers. 

Thej speak of hope to the famishing heart, 
With a voice of promise thej come and part. 
Thej sleep in dust through the winter hours, 
They break forth in glory, bring flowers, bring 

flowers." 

The last ten years has witnessed a great 
advance in the cultivation of flow^ers. Not 
only have florists introduced new varieties 
and improved many of the old ones, but 
the cultivation of flowers has become 
general, so that it is the exception to find 
a home unadorned by them. 

There is no cheapei nor purer pleasure 
than that which is found in the cultiva- 
tion of flowers. The tired mother who 
can spend a little time in the flower-gar- 
den in the cool of the evening, will find 
herself rested by it far more than if she 
sat down with hands and mind unoccu- 
pied. 

There is now such a variety of flowers 
that the taste of every one can be gratified 



86 gardener's pocket manuai . 

— some preferring the old, standard vari- 
ties, and others desiring to experiment 
with the new kinds. 

It is a good plan for the farmer's wife 
to have a small flower gaiden so located 
that she can see it when about her daily 
work. 

A bed of Portulaca, Phlox, Verbenas, 
Petunias and Dwarf Convolvulus, all of 
which are easily cultivated, will make a 
brilliant show for many months. A row 
of the old-fashioned Four O'clocks, a cir- 
cle of Cypress, a window or trellis cover- 
ed with Morning Glories, Ornamental 
Gourds or Balloon Vine, a few plants of 
Zinnia and Coxcomb, and a hedge of 
Sweet Peas will beautify the home and 
furnish flowers for cutting. 

While the cultivation of flowers is sim- 
ple, yet it requires the exercise of judg- 
ment as well as anything else. 

Such seeds as Balsam, Phlox, Convol- 
vulus, Aster, Zinnia, Four O'Clock, etc., 
may be sown in the open grciund, but the 
soil must be well prepared, and the seeds 
sown after the weather is warm and set- 
tled. 

Verbena should be sown early in a 
frame or box in the house, and the earth 



gardener's pocket manuaj, 87 

pressed firmly with a board, and kept 
always moist. 

Small seeds, such as Portiilaca, Cam- 
panula, Dianthus, etc., should be i-prinkled 
on a smooth surface, and barely covered 
out of sight, by sifting light mellow soil 
over them and then protect them from 
the sun with cloth or green branches. 

Most varieties of flowers can be easily 
transplanted, but a few such as Poppy, 
Sweet Peas and Mignonette should be 
planted where they are to remain. 

In sowing small delicate seeds of any 
kind it is of the utmost importance to 
have the soil in fine condition, and to 
press the earth with a piece of board, so 
that it will be brought in close contact 
with the seed. 

The flower garden usually occupies so 
little space, that the labor will be small to 
bring it to a good condition. Tt should 
be deeply dug, and enriched with 
thoroughly decayed manure, and sand and 
fresh mould from the woods should be 
added until it is rendered pliable and 
porous. 

The flowers that I have described in 
this work while they comprise but a small 
part of those found in our modern cata- 
logues, w^ill give a sufficient variety, and 



88 GARDENEJl's POCKET MANUAL. 

be found to include those that are most 
easily cuUivated. 

I have arranged them for convenience^ 
under different heads, classing Climbers, 
Foliage Plants, Everlastings, etc., by 
themselves, 

To succeed with many of the delicate 
flow^ers, a frame and glass will be found 
a necessity in starting them, so that theyf 
can be protected from cold winds an 
rain, and the heat of the sun. 



1 



FLOWERS BLOOMING THE FIRST SEASON. 

Ah'onia — A trailing plant with Ver- 
bena-like flowers. A native of California. 
Half-hardy annual. Mixed colors. 

Adonis^ (Pheasant's Eye) — A hardy 
annual growing about one foot high. 
Floweis deep red. Delicate foliage. 

Ageraium — A flower of bush-like ap- 
pearance, prized because it blooms so 
long and abundantly ; mixed colors. 

Agrostem7na — A hardy, free blooming 
plant. Flowers resembling a single pink 
on long, slender stems. Twelve inches 
in hight ; mixed colors. 

Alyssum — Sweet Alyssum has pretty 
little white flowers, useful in making up 
all kinds of small bouquets. It has a very 
delicate fragrance. 



(JAKDENEr's roCKKT MANUAL. S9 

AiitirrJiiniini, (Snap Drai^on) — ()ncof 
the most showy and useful liordcr jJants, 
blooming abundantly from the first of 
v"^ummer until after frost. Ilalf liardN- ; 
mixed colors. 

/)i.L'i7rf A /f I i r r hi N i< n/- i\h(n\i six inches 
hi^h ; mixed colors. 

.•l.v/<r — The Aster is now a general 
faxorilc. It blooms under favoiable cir- 
cumstances until tVost comes ; mixed 
colors. 

Balsam —A magnificent annual, need- 
ins: I'ich soil and ijood cultivation ; mixed 
colors. The side branches should be re- 
mo\ ed. 

Bartouia — Very showy, half hardy an- 
nual. Leaves, gray and downy ; flowers, 
a bright, metallic yellow. 

Broivallia — Half hardy annual ; very 
handsome ; an abundance of rich and 
beautiful flowers during the Summer. 
Blue and white mixed. 

Cacalia, (Tassel Flower) — Pretty, half 
hard} annuals, with small, tassel-like 
flowers, often called Flora's Paint Brush. 
Scarlet and yellow. 

Calandi-ijiia — Fine dwarf growing 
plants ; natives of South America. Pur- 
ple and white, mixed. 

Calliopsis — These plant- are usiudly 



90 



GARDENEK S POCKET MANUA] 



two or three feet in hight, of slender 
habit and vigorous growth. The flowers 
are of every shade of yellow, orange and 
rich, reddish brown. Makes a fine show. | 
Candytuft — All varieties of Candytuft ' 




COCKSCOMB 



are hardy and easy to cultivate. Very 
pretty for beds and for cutting ; mixed 
colors. 

Celosia, (Coxcomb,) — Half hardy an^, 
nuals; magnificent for conservatory decor-f 
ation, producing elegant plume-shaped 



(^ A KDK nick's VOi KK'l" MANUAL. CJl 

spikes of flowers. Every shade of scarlet 
and crimson. 

Clarkia — Annuals ; universally grown 
and admired ; of easy culture and profuse 
bloomers. 

Coll nisi a — A \ er\ prettv, free-bloom- 
ing, hardy annual. The marbled or many- 
colored flowers are in whorls of five to 
six blossoms. 

Coiivolvuhis Minor — A beautiful plant 
oftrailinor habits, with handsome larg-e 
flowers, two-thirds the size of the Morn- 
ing Glory. The flowers close in the after- 
noon. Mixed colors. 

Crc/)is — A pretty hardy annual, with 
flowers yellow, pink, purple and white. 
Plants about one foot in hight. 

Datura — Half hardy perennial ; re- 
markable for the extraordinary size of its 
trumpet-shaped flowers ; generally white, 
(Sometimes tinted with delicate blue. 
I Roots can be preserved in the cellar the 
I same as Dahlias. 

I Daisy Double — A well known flower 
I blooming most of the season; prefers a 
; cool, sheltered place , needs some protec- 
tion in Winter. Flowers, white, red or 
variegated. 

EschscJwltzia — One of the most splen- 
did flowers known. Leaves, finely cut. 



^2 gardener's pocket manual. 

Blossoms two Inches in diameter ; a deep 
yellow. Hardy perennials, blooming first 
year if sown early. 

Eutoca — A showy, Iree blooming plant; 
flowers intensely blue. A branch placed 
in water will l)loom many days. 

Evening J^ri))irosc — Very useful free 
flowering plants for beds or borders. 

Gaillardia — Showy, and universally 
admired among the gayest ornaments of 
Summer flower beds ; flowers, creamy 
yellow and orange. 

Gilia — Delicate in leaf and flov\er; 
free-flowering hardy annuals, from six to 
ten inches in hight ; mixed colors. 

Godctia — Beautiful, hardy annuals . 
easily cultivated ; should be tieated like 
Calliopsis. 

Gypsophila — A free flowering plant 
adapted to baskets. Hardy annual; flowers 
pink and white ; very small and delicate. 

Ilibiscns — A hardy annual ; large : 
flowers, cream color with ricii brown 
center. 

Larkspur — Very handsome ; in large 
gardens indispensable. The brilliancv of 
some of the colors is unsurpassed. 

Ice Plant — The flowers are small and 
white ; leaves, thick and fleshv, covered 



gardener's pocket manual. 



93 



with ice crystals. Suitable for hanging 
baskets. 

Lhium, (Scarlet Flax)— A fine, half 
hardy annual with crimson flowers. Plants 
of a slender and delicate growth. 

Lobelia — Annual, of a trailing habit, 
bearing numbers of small flowers. Fine 
for baskets and rockeries. 

Marigold— 1:\\\^ plant is almost indis- 




MIGNON KTTI~ 



pensable where a rich display of bloom is 
desired. Flowers, double, yellow, orange 
and brown. 

Mignonette — A well-known fragrant, 
hardy annual, with blossoms of a light, 
delicate brown. Very desirable for 
bouquets. Blooms the entire season ; of 
exquisite fragrance. 

Mirabilis^ (Four O'clock) — Fragrant 
flowers and desirable colors. Grows tw^o 
feet in hight. 

Mimosa, (Sensitive Plant) — A singu- 



94 



(JAKDENKIi S POCKEl MANUAL 



lar annual ]:)lant. The leaves close up and 
droop in damp weather or when touched. 
The foliage is its greatest lieauts . 

Nastiirtiu?u — An annual of dwarf habit. 
Varieties of compact habit an- becoming 
verv po])ular. 

Xcniof^hila — A verv 

pretty, delicate, hardy 

mnual. The flowers are 

f ^ nainh' blue and white. 

/^ Do finely all Summer. 
Jl^ Xii^cila^ (Love in a 
Mist) — Hard) annuals, 
with finely cut leaves, 
and flowers inclosid in a 
NK.Moi'iiiLA feathery involucre. .^ 

Pctufiia^ (Blotched and Striped) — 'I'his 
1km(1\ annual is a very showy plant, and 
will bloom from June to Autumn. 

/'/;//• — This beautiful, hardy flow er is 
admired for the richness of its coloring, 
and its ilelicate fVagiance. 

Phlox — This half-hardv annual has no 
equal for a brilliant mass of colors and a 
constant display of blossoms. The colors 
range from the purest white to the deep- 
est purple or crimson, with a great xarictv 
of markings. 

Pansy — This well-known hartly plant 
is deservedly a general favorite. The 




gardener's pocket manual. 



95 



flowers range in colors from black to pure 
white. Have, during the past year, had 




1'i:tlma 



it in bloom in the open ground for ten 
months. 

Portulaca — A bed of this flower is one 




I'HLOX DRUMMONDII 



96 gardener's pocket manual. 

mass of brilliant color durinor the morn- 
ing hours, and when the blossoms have 
closed the foliage is very pretty. Hardy 
annual ; mixed colors of every conceiva- 
ble shade. 

Portulaca Double — This flower has all 
the brilliancv of the sino;!^. P(jrtulaca, and 




VERBKNA 



is as double as a rose. All colors mixed. 

Poppy — This hardy perennial is very 
brilliant. Thc} have a tap root and are 
hard to transplant. 

Scabiosa, (Mourning Bride) — A hardy 
plant eighteen inches high ; flowers, 
hemsphcrical in shape. Mixed colors. 

Stock, Tc?i Weeks — This flower is un- 
surpassed for brilliancy and diversity of 
color or for profusion and duration of 
bloom. Verv fragrant. o 



gardener's pocket manual. 97 

Sanitalia — A fine trailing plant suita- 
ble for baskets. Hardy annual : vellow ; 
double. 

Verbena — This beautiful plant is half- 
hardy : very fine for masses, the bright 
colors contrast finely with the green 
leaves. Mixed colors. The seedlings are 
more vigorous and much better bloomers 
than plants grown from cuttings. 

Verbena Montana — This is a hardy 





PANSEY 



wmrr.AvrA 



variety from the Rocky ^rountains, lives 
out-doors through the winter. Lilac 
blossoms. A very profuse bloomer. 

Whitlavia—W^XiXy annual, with deli- 
cate foliage and small bell-shaped fiower?, 
rDoes best in a cold situation. Colors, 
violet, blue and whi<:e. 

Zinnia Double — These plants grow 

about two feet high, and have blossoms 

as double as the Dahlia. The colors run 

through all shr.des of carmine, scarlet, 

7 



98 gardener's pocket manual. 

crimson and lilac, to the orange and pure 
white. 

everlastings. 

Acroclinium — Very pretty, half-hardy 
annuals, with rose and white, daisy-like 
flowers. They should be gathered for 
drying when partially open. 

Globe Amaranth —This is valued for its 
handsome globular flowers, which will 
retain their beauty for years, if cut when 
well matured. Mixed white and crim- 
son. 

Helichrysums — One of the best Ever- 
lasting flowers; white, yellow, red and of 
many brownish shades, 

RodantJie — An elegant Everlasting ; its 
glossy flowers form a beautiful contrast to 
its lustrous, heart-shaped leaves. Flowers 
rosy purple and pure white. 

foliage plants. 

Amaranthus, tricolor^ (Joseph's Coat,) 
— Red, yellow and green foliage. Grows 
two feet high. 

Amara?ith7is, melancholicus ruber — 
Striking blood-red fohage; half-hardy 
annual from Japan. 

Ainarantlnis, salicifolius — Pyramidal 
in form ; leaves, long, narrow and wavy, 
varying from green to bronze. 




GARDENER S POCKET MANUAL. 99 

Carina, (Corn Geranium,) — This plant 
has broad, green, highly 
ornamental leaves. Half- 
hardy perennial. 

Euphorbia — A beauti- 
ful plant for groups, with 
variegated leaves. Some 
times called Snow on the 
Mountain. Two and a 
half to three feet. 

Honesty — Easy, free 
cANNA flowering plant ; pretty 

silver-like seed pods when watered. 
Valuable for winter bouquets. 

Ricinus, (Castor Bean) — This has very 
ornamental foliage. Grows from five to 
ten feet hig-h. 

Zea Maisc, (Striped Leafed Corn,) — 
An ornamental foliage plant of much 
beauty. Leaves striped with white and 
green. Five feet. 

CLIMBERS. 

Adlujnia, (Climbing Fern) — One of 
the most delicate and graceful climbers. 
Fifteen feet high. 

Balloon Vine — A very beautiful, pale 
green climber ; delicate foliage. The 
seed is enclosed in a minature balloon. 
Morning Glory — This well-known plant 



( lOO GARDENER S I'OCKE'l MAM AL. 

1 is the most popular of clinil)ers : all colors 
niixed. 

Gourd, Mixed — These \ ines hear gourds 
egg-shaped, pear-shaped, round, etc. 
Very fine for co\eringold fences, stumps, 
etc. 

Gourd, I^i^'i{ — These gourds arc white 
and shaped like an egg ; one is often 
taken for the other at first sight. 

Cypress — A beautiful climlici" ; dcli(.atc 



f 



1^ 



TMIMU R(,I.\. 



foliage, and small hut striking llowcis. 
Mixed colors. Do not sow till warm, set 
tied wea»^her. 

Szccet Peas — One of the iiKist beautiful 
and fragrant of tlowers, and deservedly 
popular. Should be planted very early, 
in the open ground. 

TJninheroia — A very ornamental 
climber. Flowers, white and orange. 
Fine for baskets. 



gardexer's pocket manual, ioi 



BLOOM I XG SECOND SEASON. 

Canterbury Bdl —A well-known, 

popular, larore, blue, bell-shaped flower. 

Carnation /•/;//'— No plant can surpass 

111 delicacy of marking, form or fragrance 

this richly hued flower. 

Dioritalis—The tall spikes crowned 
with thimble-shaped puiple and white 
flowers make a fine contrast to the foliage 
of the plant. Three feet high. 

IlolIyJiock, (Double,) — In situations 
suitable for tall flowers, we know of 
nothing better chan the Hollyhock. 

L 1 'ch n is — H a n d s o m e 
and ornamental ; very 
<:^^'^4^rt£^il_^ eflective in mixed 
i^^beds ; hardy. 

S-vcct William — A 
beautiful flower; colors 
ranging from white to 
scarlet, and \'ariously 
edged, eyed and spotted. 

Wall 1^1 (KL'cr — If grown in pots sunk 
to the rim in earth, fine plants can be se- 
cured. I'^)r Winter blooming, keep in a 
cool loom, and water treclv. Rich oransfe 
flowers of delightful fragrance. 




I.Yl MM 



I02 (JAliDKNEK S POCKK'J' MANUA 



FLOWERING SHRUBS. 



In closing, we give our readers some 
excellent illustrations of some [handsome 
flowering shrubs. The first one, the com- 
mon Snowball, is too well known to need 
description. With but little care and 




VIBURNUM OPULUS STERILUS — snOW-ball . ) 



gardener's pocket manu7\l 103 

reasonable treatment, it can be grown in 
almost any portion of our country, and 




DiERViLLA ROSEA — (rose-co!ored weigela ) 
few ornamental shrubs contribute more to 



I04 GARDENER S POCKET MANUAL. 

the beauty of a home and its surroundings 
than this. All the varieties of the Vibur- 
num form handsome shrubs for lawns or 
ornamental grounds. 

The Weigelas form another valuable 




HYDRANGEA — (otaska.) 

genus, introduced from Japan as late as 
1843. The shrubs are of erect growth 
while young, but gradually become 
spreading and drooping as they acquire 
age. The flowers are large and trumpet- 



GARDENER S POCKET MANUAL. I05 

shaped, and of every shade from white to 
red. In borders and groups of trees they 
are very effective. 

Tje variety ilhistrated (Rosea,) is quite 
hardy, of robust grow^th, producing in 
May an abundance of fine rose-colored 
blossoms. 

The Hydrangea is another valuable 
genus. Many of them are perfectly 
hardy, but others, among which is the 
Otaska, shown in our illustration, require 
to be grown in pots or boxes, and winter- 
ed in the cellar. In Summer they may be 
placed along walks under the shade of 
trees. The Otaska is specially adapted 
for this purpose, being a very free bloom- 
er, and producing immense trusses of 
rose-colored flowers. The foliage is of a 
deep green color. 




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SORGO PAN! 




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111 llSf SOliO P4I 

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C i n c i n n a 



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Within the last two years an entirely new 
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satisfaction. |tt^"THE BURNS COOKER, 
while it combines all the advantages of the 
Smith, is more durable, and has the advantage of 
a movable fire basket, so that the fire can be lifted 
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The Price of this Cooker is $iq.oo. 
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